Design and Characterization of a Mushroom-Enriched Chewable Supplement for PCOS Management

Abstract

polycystic ovarian syndrome, is a common reproductive illness which impacts several metabolic processes along with a number of relate Type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance (IR) are all made more likely by it. A consensus diagnosis among physicians is challenging because to the subjective phenomenology and the disease\'s unknown aetiology. A mix of genetic and environmental variables seems to be the root cause of this familial genetic condition. The medical disorders. Anovulation, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism are signs of PCOS. In first-degree relatives, it has been correlated with issues with metabolism. Nutraceuticals—natural bioactive compounds with health benefits— have emerged as promising adjuncts in the management of PCOS. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of nutraceuticals gummies designed to support hormonal balance, metabolic function, and overall reproductive health in women with PCOS. Key active ingredients including Vitamin D, Terpenoids, Curcumin, Cinnamon aldehyde, inositol. The gummy dosage form was chosen for enhanced patient compliance, palatability, and ease of consumption. Preliminary evaluations demonstrated good organoleptic properties, stability, and efficacy potential. This novel delivery system may serve as an effective, user-friendly alternative to conventional supplements, potentially improving adherence and outcomes in PCOS care.

Introduction

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction, increasing risks for Type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. It is a complex, hereditary condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors, marked by anovulation, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism. Diagnosing PCOS is challenging due to varied symptoms and unclear causes. Up to 30% of infertility cases in couples seeking treatment are linked to PCOS. Despite its growing prevalence, no FDA-approved treatment currently exists.

Pathophysiology:

• Excess androgen production (from ovaries or adrenal glands) occurs in over half of PCOS patients.

• Insulin resistance is a core issue, exacerbated by obesity, contributing to hyperandrogenism and reproductive problems.

• Hirsutism (excess hair growth) is a common clinical sign with cultural variations in perception.

• Infertility arises mainly from chronic anovulation, but some women with regular ovulation also face fertility issues. PCOS increases miscarriage risk and can cause endometrial hyperplasia or cancer, especially with obesity and diabetes.

Herbal Treatments:
Herbal medicines, traditionally used and increasingly studied for PCOS, may improve symptoms with fewer side effects than conventional drugs. Examples include:

• Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondosa): Contains SX-fraction that may reduce insulin resistance and promote ovulation.

• Button Mushroom: Rich in bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits.

• Turmeric (Curcumin): Has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that improve insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, and regulate lipid profiles.

• Cinnamon: Enhances insulin signaling and sensitivity, possibly improving metabolic and hormonal balance in PCOS.

• Aloe Vera: Contains compounds that may reduce androgen secretion and restore hormonal cycles.

• Gummies: A convenient delivery form for herbal/nutraceutical treatments, improving patient compliance especially for those with swallowing difficulties.

Preparation of Herbal Gummies:
Cinnamon and turmeric extracts are combined with gelatin, heated, mixed with mushroom powder and other excipients, then poured into molds and refrigerated to form gummies designed for ease of consumption.

Conclusion

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among young women, presenting with symptoms like insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, and menstrual irregularities (oligo/amenorrhea). While pharmacotherapy for PCOS often carries a risk of side effects, herbal medicines have emerged as a promising alternative due to their lower adverse effects. These herbal treatments show potential in improving insulin resistance, modulating hormone levels (FSH and LH), and supporting ovarian function, including the reduction or dissolution of cysts, follicular development, and ovulation, possibly leading to pregnancy. Despite these promising findings, further research is essential to validate the efficacy of herbal remedies in treating PCOS. This review highlights the potential of herbal supplements as a beneficial alternative treatment option for PCOS.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ms. Varsha Rane, Mr. Yash Thakur, Ms. Utkarsha Shinde, Mr. Chinmay Parab, Ms. Neha Dhumal, Mr. Aryan Keer, Atharv Patil. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.